Study of Bacteriospermia Isolated from Male Infertility in Al-Najaf City, Iraq

Abstract

Background: Bacteriospermia is the presence of bacteria in seminal fluid samples. Bacteriospermia can affect sperm function, leading to an abnormal fertility process. It is a major health condition that has a detrimental impact on male fertility and is usually caused by acute or persistent bacterial infections. It has been discovered that about 15% of infertile men and women are infertile. Bacterial infections can damage the prostate, epididymis, testis, and urethra, among other parts of the male genitourinary system. Escherichia coli, Staphylococci, Streptococci, and Enterococcus faecalis are the most commonly isolated pathogenic bacteria. On the other hand, the male urinary system is not fully sterile, as some bacteria, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, have been found in otherwise healthy reproductive men. The effect of various bacteria on sperm quality is unknown at this time. The ever-increasing number of infertile couples has piqued scientific curiosity in the effects of bacteriospermia on male reproductive potential during the last few decades. To confirm the link between bacteriospermia and seminal characteristics, including motility and vitality, researchers looked into a variety of pathophysiologic pathways. Both direct bacterial interaction and immunological competent cell participation impact spermatogenesis, degrade semen function, and impede the urogenital canal. Objectives: To explore the association between bacterial species found in guys’ lower genital tracts and the quality of their sperm and male infertility. Methods: The study included the amassment and examination of (175) samples of semen samples from infertile people for the period from 14/2/2021 to 17/5/2021, whose ages ranged between (19–40) years, isolation and identification of some bacteria by the automated VITEK-2 compact system utilizing Gram-negative identification cards (GN-ID) of bacteriosperm, the antibiotic sensitivity test was studied on bacteria isolates by the disk diffusion technique on Muller Hinton Agar (MHA). Results: The highest bacterial infection rate among infected patients was Staphylococcus haemolyticus, which amounted to 26 isolates, followed by E. coli with 23 isolates, and 20 followed by Staphylococcus epidermidsi and Staphylococcus saprophyticus two isolates and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with one isolate for Show that there are consequential differences p less than 0.05. the antibiotic susceptibility test. E. coli showed resistance to eight antibiotics, which are: However, most E. coli isolates are resistant to the antibiotics cefalexin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and levofloxacin. As for the sensitivity of S. haemolyticus to the antibiotics cefalexin, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, imipenem, amikacin, nitrofurantoin, Tetracycline, and Levofloxacin, it was resistant to five antibiotics: cefalexin, tetracycline, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, and amikacin. While S.epidermidis bacteria were the most isolates resistant to cefalexin, tetracycline, But bacteria S. pyogenes was the most resistant to cefalexin as for S. saprophyticus, it was resistant to tetracycline. Finally, P. aeruginosa was resistant to four antibiotics: Cefalexin, Tetracycline, Gentamicin, and amikacin. Conclusion: Human sperm is high in nutrient-rich components, making it ideal for bacterial development. Normal skin flora, as well as harmful microorganisms, might contaminate it. Bacteria in sperm have been shown to affect sperm quality, according to research. Clinicians administer numerous antibiotics to treat infections of the urogenital tract and leukocytospermia. However, studies show that drugs used to treat infections negatively affect sperm parameters and male reproductive potential. Isolated strains from male infertility showed a significant proportion of antibiotic resistance, according to the study. Successful seminal fluid cultured were interpreted with caution, taking into account increased colony counts of unique isolation in the semen and elevated colony counts of multiple strains in the seminal fluid, the administration of antibiotics. As a result, the presence of seminal bacteria is a typical misinterpretation of genital tract infection.